Mitsubishi Saturn engine

The Mitsubishi Saturn is series of straight-4 internal combustion engines, along with the Astron, Orion, and Sirius. Displacement ranges from 1.4 L to 1.8 L.



4G32

The 4G32 displaces 1.6 L (1597 cc). It is an 8-valve SOHC design with an aluminium head and iron block. The engine has five main bearings, a cross flow head and a single down draught carburettor. Firing order is 1-3-4-2.

Bore x Stroke: 76.9 x 86 mm (3.03" x 3.39")

Applications:

* Dodge Colt
* Hyundai Pony
* Hyundai Stellar
* Mitsubishi Celeste
* Mitsubishi Galant
* Mitsubishi L300
* Mitsubishi Lancer
* Mitsubishi Sapporo
* Plymouth Arrow
* Mitsubishi Sigma


4G33

The 4G33 displaces 1.4 L (1439 cc).

Applications:

* Dodge Colt
* Hyundai Pony
* Hyundai Stellar
* Plymouth Arrow
* Mitsubishi Celeste
* Mitsubishi Colt
* Mitsubishi Lancer
* Mitsubishi Galant


4G36

The 4G36 displaces 1.2 L (1238 cc).

Applications:

* Mitsubishi Celeste
* Mitsubishi Colt
* Mitsubishi Lancer


4G37

The 8-valve SOHC 4G37 displaces 1.8 L (1755 cc).

Applications:

* Mitsubishi Cordia
* Mitsubishi Galant
* Eagle Talon DL 1993-1994
* Mitsubishi Eclipse 1990-1994
* Plymouth Laser 1990-1994

Mitsubishi Orion engine

The 'Mitsubishi Orion' engine is series of straight-4 internal combustion engines introduced by Mitsubishi Motors in the 1970s, along with the Astron, Sirius, and Saturn. It was introduced in the Colt and Colt-derived models in 1978. Displacement ranges from 1.2 L to 1.6 L.


4G11

The 4G11 displaces 1.2 L (1244 cc) with a bore and stroke of 69.5mm x 82.0mm.

Applications:

* Mitsubishi Colt/Mirage
* Mitsubishi Lancer


4G12

The 4G12 displaces 1.4 L (1410 cc) with a bore and stroke of 74.0mm x 82.0mm. 4G12 was the first to feature Mitsubishi's MD (Modulated Displacement) technology, a form of variable displacement.

Applications:

* Mitsubishi Colt/Mirage
* Mitsubishi Lancer
* Mitsubishi Celeste
* Mitsubishi Tredia/Cordia


4G13

The SOHC 4G13 displaces 1.3 L (1298 cc) with a bore and stroke of 71.0 mm x 82.0 mm.

Applications:

* Mitsubishi Colt/Mirage
* Mitsubishi Lancer
* Mitsubishi Space Star
* Mitsubishi Carisma
* Mitsubishi Dingo
* Proton Saga/Iswara
* Proton Satria/Wira


4G15

The SOHC 4G15 displaces 1.5 L (1468 cc) with a bore and stroke of 75.5mm x 82.0mm. A version of the 4G15 was produced with gasoline direct injection. It have 92 hp on the 1993 Mirage. A DOHC MIVEC turbo variant of the engine is also still in production to date (4G15T), serving in the Mitsubishi Colt series, offering 154 hp on the latest Colt Version-R (with exhaust enhancement).

Applications:

* Mitsubishi Colt/Mirage
* Mitsubishi Lancer/Eagle Summit
* Mitsubishi Dingo
* Proton Saga/Iswara
* Proton Satria/Wira


4G16

The 4G16 displaces 1.2 L (1198 cc).

Applications:

* Mitsubishi Colt/Mirage
* Mitsubishi Lancer


4G17

The 4G17 displaces 1.3 L (1343 cc). It is a SOHC 12-valve engine. Bore is 72.2 mm and stroke is 82 mm. Output is 78PS/6000rpm and 10.9kg-m torque at 3500rpm.


4G18

The SOHC 4G18 displaces 1.6 L (1584 cc) with a bore and stroke of 76.0mm x 87.3mm. It is a 4-valve per cylinder engine.

Applications:

* Mitsubishi Lancer
* Mitsubishi Kuda
* Proton Waja


G19

The DOHC MIVEC 4G19 displaces 1.3 L, featuring 4-valves per cylinder that produces 66 kW (90 PS) at 5600 rpm and 121 N·m of torque at 4250 rpm. It was introduced in 2002, powering the new Mitsubishi Colt.

Applications:

* Mitsubishi Colt

Mitsubishi 3B engine

The Mitsubishi 3B engine is a range of three cylinder engines from Mitsubishi Motors, introduced in 2006 Mitsubishi i kei car. It is also destined for the next generation of the Smart Fortwo.

All engines developed within this family have DOHC, four valves per cylinder, and MIVEC variable valve timing.


3B20

Specifications

Engine type — Inline 3 cylinder DOHC 12v turbo, MIVEC

Displacement — 660 cc

Bore — 65.4 mm

Stroke — 65.4 mm

Fuel type — Unleaded regular gasoline

Fuel system — ECI multiple

Compression ratio — 8.8:1

Power — 47 kW (64 PS) @ 6000 rpm

Torque — 94 N·m (69 ft·lbf) @ 3000 rpm


Applications

* 2006 Mitsubishi i
* 2007 Smart Fortwo (second generation)

Mitsubishi 3A9x engine

The Mitsubishi 3A9x engine is a range of all-alloy three cylinder engines from Mitsubishi Motors, introduced in the 2003 version of their Mitsubishi Colt supermini, and built by DaimlerChrysler-owned MDC Power in Germany.

3A91

Specifications

Engine type — Inline 3 cylinder DOHC 12v, MIVEC
Displacement — 1124 cc
Bore — 75.0 mm
Stroke — 84.8 mm
Fuel type — Unleaded regular gasoline
Fuel system — ECI multiple
Compression ratio — 10.5:1
Power — 55 kW (75 PS) @ 6000 rpm
Torque — 100 N·m (73 ft·lbf) @ 3500 rpm


Applications

* 2003 Mitsubishi Colt

Mitsubishi Endeavor

The Mitsubishi Endeavor is a mid-size crossover SUV built by Mitsubishi Motors at their manufacturing facility in Normal, Illinois. Based on the PS platform, it was the first vehicle built under Mitsubishi's "Project America", a program aimed at introducing vehicles for North America without having to compromise to accommodate other export markets.

Its design origins can be traced back to the Mitsubishi SSU which debuted at the 1999 North American International Auto Show, although the Endeavor does not share the concept's mechanical underpinnings. The prototype was powered by a 310 PS version of the 6A13TT 2.5 L twin-turbo V6, which directed the power to a full-time all wheel drive system through its INVECS-II five-speed semi-automatic transmission and AYC. When the Endeavor debuted, it used the 6G75 3.8 L V6 offering 215 hp (improved to 225 hp in 2004) and 250 ft·lbf, mated to a four-speed semi-automatic transmission with an optional all wheel drive system that splits the torque 50/50 by default.

The Endeavor's performance in the marketplace has to date failed to meet Mitsubishi's expectations. On its release in March 2003 the company aimed for 80,000 annual sales but achieved only 32,054 by the end of its debut year. It received a mild restyle for the 2006 model year, but has received no significant changes yet in its lifetime.


Type:
Front-engine, all-wheel drive, five-passenger sport utility vehicle

Price¹ :
Base, $33,197

Engine:
3.8-liter V-6
215-hp
250 lb-ft torque

EPA fuel economy:
17 miles per gallon city/21 mpg highway


Likes:

Good ride quality and control. Terrific chassis dynamics. Roomy and comfy cabin.

More commanding presence than Honda Pilot or Toyota Highlander. Lots of storage space, including deep glovebox and center bin. Very chunky, industrial-looking interior. Cool blue-lit gauges and controls. Good second-row amenities, including power outlet and fan. No fussing around with full-time all-wheel drive.

Mitsubishi Eclipse (Fourth generation)

fourth generation Eclipse was revealed during late 2003 and 2004, and the car was shown at the 2005 Detroit Auto Show. Features of the new model include a 263 hp (193.9 kW) 3.8 L MIVEC V6 and a 165 hp (123 kW) 2.4 L I4, both derived from the Mitsubishi PS platform family, with which the Eclipse shares many mechanical components. Like the 2004 Galant, the new Eclipse is FWD only, although a concept model has been produced by Mitsubishi and Ralliart with an AWD platform, the 4G63 engine from the Lancer Evolution, and more aggressive body styling with imitation carbon fibre accents. The V6 produces 263 hp and 260 lb-ft of torque.

The fourth-generation Spyder (convertible) Eclipse was released for the 2007 model year at the North American International Auto Show.


Trim levels

The Eclipse is available in four trim levels: GS, GS Spyder, GT, and GT Spyder.

4th Gen (2006–present) cars:

* Eclipse GS: Base FWD model equipped with a 162 hp 2.4 L 16-valve SOHC Mitsubishi 4G69 engine

* Eclipse GS Spyder: Convertible FWD model equipped with a 162 hp 2.4 L 16-valve SOHC Mitsubishi 4G69 engine

* Eclipse GT: Hardtop FWD model equipped with a 263 hp 3.8 L 24-valve SOHC Mitsubishi 6G75 engine

* Eclipse GT Spyder: Convertible FWD model equipped with a 260 hp 3.8 L 24-valve SOHC Mitsubishi 6G75 engine


The models and standard / optional equipment:

* GS Standard- Choice of five-speed manual or Sportronic® automatic transmission, a 140-watt (max.) Mitsubishi CD/MP3-compatible audio system with six speakers, 17-inch alloy wheels, an anti-theft immobilizer, auto-off halogen headlamps, power windows/locks/mirrors, air conditioning, a split fold-down rear seat, two 12-volt accessory outlets, anti-lock brakes, a rear spoiler, and a six airbag safety system.

Options Include- Sun & Sound package with a power sunroof is paired with a 650-watt (max.) Rockford Fosgate® audio system. Boasting nine speakers including a 10-inch trunk-mounted subwoofer, a 6-CD in-dash changer, and steering wheel-mounted audio controls, the package also includes a center display with outside temperature and compass readings and an electrochromic rear-view mirror. A four piece body kit comes as an optional "aero kit" package for all models.

* GS Spyder - available for sale for the 2007 model year.

Options Include - GS Deluxe Leather Package: Leather front seating surfaces. Heated front seats. Heated side mirrors. Outside temperature indicator and compass in center dash display.

* GT Standard- Choice of six-speed manual or a five-speed Sportronic® automatic transmission, a 140-watt (max.) Mitsubishi CD/MP3-compatible audio system with six speakers, 17-inch alloy wheels, an anti-theft immobilizer, auto-off halogen headlamps, fog lamps, power windows/locks/mirrors, air-conditioning, a split fold-down rear seat, two 12-volt accessory outlets, 4-wheel anti-lock disc brakes, a rear spoiler, dual-stage six airbag safety system, traction control, a front strut tower bar, and a center display with outside temperature and compass readings.

Options Include- Premium Sport Package with 18-inch seven-spoke alloy wheels, leather front seating surfaces, a power sunroof, an eight-way-adjustable (six power) driver's seat, alloy pedals, heated front seats, heated door mirrors, automatic dimming rear-view mirror, air-conditioning and a 650-watt (max.) Rockford Fosgate® audio system with nine speakers, including a ten-inch trunk-mounted subwoofer, a 6-CD/MP3-compatible in-dash changer, steering wheel-mounted audio controls.

* GT Spyder - available for sale for the 2007 model year.

Options Include - GT Premium Sport Package: 18" Alloy wheels. Leather front seating surfaces. 6-way power driver's seat. Heated front seats. Heated side mirrors. Aluminum pedals. Automatic climate control. Wind Deflector

Engine
2.4 L 162 hp I4
3.8 L 263 hp V6

Transmission
4-speed automatic
5-speed automatic
5-speed manual
6-speed manual

Wheelbase
101.4 in (2575 mm)

Length
179.7 in (4565 mm)

Width
72.2 in (1835 mm)

Height
53.5 in (1360 mm)

Fuel capacity
17.7 US gal (67 L)

Mitsubishi Raider

The Mitsubishi Raider is a pickup truck from Mitsubishi Motors that debuted in the fall of 2005 as a 2006 model for the United States market and is based on the Dodge Dakota. The Raider filled the gap in the Mitsubishi lineup since the discontinuation of the Mighty Max in 1996. The Raider is built in the United States by DaimlerChrysler. Engine choices included a 4.7 L PowerTech V8 making 230 hp and 290 ft·lbf and a 3.7 L PowerTech V6 which produced 210 hp. It is also Mitsubishi's first V8 engine for North America.

The name is recycled from the Dodge Raider SUV sold from 1987 to 1990, which was a rebadged Mitsubishi Montero.

377 and 492 units were sold in January and February 2006 respectively, compared to 4,583 and 6,260 Dakotas. Mitsubishi dealers reportedly have a six-month supply of Raiders on their lots, and the company asked DaimlerChrysler to cut production.[1] 9,861 Raiders were built in 2005, and just 297 more were built from the first of the year through March 11, 2006 according to Automotive News.

Recently a concept truck was rebadged as the Street Raider and designed by Mitsubishi's California design studio. It first appeared at the 2005 SEMA automotive show and since then has been shown at various automotive shows around the United States. It includes 22 inch custom wheels, custom dual exhaust, and a lowered stance among other features not found on a stock Raider. The Street Raider carries a mooted price tag of $60,000, although there are no current plans to sell it.


Manufacturer
DaimlerChrysler

Assembly
Warren, Michigan

Class
Mid-size pickup truck

Body style
2-door truck
4-door truck

Layout
FR layout/All wheel drive

Platform
ND

Engine
3.7L 210 hp V6
4.7L 230 hp V8

Transmission
4-speed automatic
5-speed automatic
6-speed manual

Wheelbase 131.3 in
Length 219.9 in
Width 71.9 in
Height 68.6 in

Fuel capacity
22 US gal.

Mitsubishi Triton

The Mitsubishi Triton is a compact pickup truck produced by Mitsubishi Motors. It was originally known as the Mitsubishi Forte in Japan from 1978 to 1986, and the Mitsubishi L200 in export markets. In 1986, the Forte name was discontinued in favour of the L200.

In the United States two captive imports of the Forte were sold by the Chrysler Corporation as the Dodge Ram 50 and Plymouth Arrow Truck from 1979. Mitsubishi itself imported it as the Mitsubishi Mighty Max when it began selling directly in the U.S. from 1982, at which point the Plymouth ceased to be available.

The Forte name was discontinued in Japan in 1986 when the second generation of the truck was introduced, in favour of L200. In Thailand, Australia and New Zealand the Triton name was introduced. It was available in three bodystyles; regular cab, extended cab ("Macro Cab"), and crew cab (which was not sold in North America).

The third generation, designed by Akinori Nakanishi, was the first model built in Thailand, and is exported to 140 global markets. North America, which already has the Mitsubishi Raider, will not see the truck. The L200 name remains for the European market, but in Japan it has been superseded by Triton.

Two L200-based race vehicles were raced in the 2005 and 2006 Dakar Rally by Mana Pornsiricherd of Thailand and Alexey Burkut of Russia.

Additionally, the 4x4 styled 4x2 models have been added in the lineup since end of November 2006.

Mitsubishi Lancer: Road Test

Pros

Fuel economy
Acceleration (Evolution)
Steering/handling (2.4 liter, Evolution)


Cons

Acceleration (2.0 liter)
Noise (Evolution)
Ride (Evolution)



Regular Lancers are adequate performers with a manual transmission. The automatic delivers fairly prompt downshifts, to help prevent alarming moments when passing or merging. But it dulls acceleration at any speed. With either transmission, performance is stronger with the 2.4-liter engine that arrived for 2004. Mitsubishi's Evolution is a true hot rod, capable of accelerating to 60 mph in 5.5 seconds. Unfortunately, it lacks low-end power and suffers turbo lag at lower speeds. Fuel economy varies according to model. A test O-Z with manual shift averaged 26.4 mpg. Evolution models require premium fuel and averaged 18 mpg in mostly city driving, versus 22.8 mpg for mainly highway travel. Lancers ride quite comfortably for a subcompact. They're stable and composed, though dips and bumps at highway speeds can cause minor bounce. The Evolution is quite firm, but not unbearably harsh. Ralliart models jiggle a bit on washboard surfaces. Mainstream models are econocar competent in the steering/handling department. Body lean is noticeable, but not excessive, and you can expect fail-safe front-drive models. Grip is fairly good, but doesn't seem markedly better on slightly wider O-Z and LS tires. Steering effort is natural, though one test O-Z had a nervous, unsettled feel at highway speeds. Ralliarts promise more agile, responsive driving fun. An Evolution delivers laser-sharp handling and tenacious all-wheel-drive grip, but suffers from a rather large turning circle. Stopping power is adequate, but ABS should have been offered on all models. Wind noise and tire whine at highway speeds don't prevent easy conversation. The base engine is smooth and fairly refined under hard acceleration, emitting mild high-rpm boom. Evolutions are quite noisy even in low-effort driving. Instruments and controls are generally clear and handy, in a simple layout. Audio buttons are slightly undersized, and the dashboard-mounted clock may wash out in direct sunlight. The O-Z's white-faced primary gauges are slightly easier to read than a base model's gray-background dials, and the O-Z interior is trimmed for a sportier look. Plastics are not that classy, regardless of model, but cabin materials are otherwise durable-looking and inoffensive. Doors and the trunklid close with a metallic resonance. Front occupants can expect good, tall-adult room up front on comfortable, supportive seats. The driver gets a standard tilt steering wheel and height-adjustable seat (except in the Evolution), and enjoys good outward visibility. Evolution and Ralliart models have supportive sport seats with extra side bolstering, but the Evolution's huge rear spoiler can block the view astern. Backseat space is average for a subcompact, but not cramped for two medium-size adults. Head and knee clearance are snug for tall riders, but foot space is good. The seat is a bit too firm and flat for best support, but not uncomfortable. Cabin width--or lack of it--squeezes three adults. Lancers have a fairly large trunk, but the opening narrows at the bottom and lid hinges intrude into the cargo area. Most models have a split-folding seatback, but pass-through to the trunk is very small. Wagons are useful load-haulers.


Value for the Money

Tepid acceleration with the base engine is the Lancer's only big fault, but mainstream models offer little to lure buyers away from higher-profile rivals like the Ford Focus and Honda Civic. Subpar resale value, on the other hand, translates to moderate used-car prices. Delivering rowdy fun, the Evolution chased Subaru's WRX for the hearts and minds of the performance-minded, fast-and-furious crowd.

Mitsubishi Lancer: Reliability

Trouble Spots
Auto Editors have scoured repair bulletins and questioned mechanics to search for commonly occurring problems for a particular vehicle. In some cases we also give possible manufacturer-suggested solutions. In many instances these trouble spots are Technical Service Bulletins posted by the manufacturer, however, we have our own expert looking at additional vehicle problems.

Transmission problems: Shuddering, surging and vibration at moderate cruising speeds is caused by worn out automatic transmission fluid allowing the torque converter clutch to dither requiring the transmission to be flushed and refilled with newer SP-III fluid. (2002-03)

Water leak: Water leaks onto the front floor due to debris (leaves, etc.) clogging the drain tube in the blower motor housing requiring a filter to keep stuff out. (2002-03)

Water leak: Water may also enter past the wiper arm pivots damaging the blower motor and requiring special caps to be installed over the pivots. (2002-03)

Water leak: Water may also enter the car via the rocker panels (side seals) or the area around the upper dash requiring resealing. (2002-03)

Estimated Repair Costs
This table lists costs of likely repairs for comparison with other vehicles. The dollar amount includes the cost of the part(s) and labor (based on $50 per hour) for the typical repair without extras or add-ons. Like the pricing information, replacement costs can vary widely depending on region. Expect charges at a new-car dealership to be slightly higher.

Item Name= Repair Cost
A/C Compressor= $505

Alternator= $350

Automatic Transmission or Transaxle= $2,205

Brakes= $420

Clutch, Pressure Plate, Bearing= $710

Constant Velocity Joints= $1,350

Exhaust System= $480

Radiator= $445

Shocks and/or Struts = $1,295

Timing Chain or Belt = $295



NHTSA Recall History

2002-04: Bilingual English/Spanish removable airbag warning labels on dashboard and sunvisor do meet size requirements.

2005 Evolution: Incorrectly-manufactured turbocharger coolant hose may allow coolant leakage.

2002-05 Mitsubishi Lancer: Highlights

New for 2002, this subcompact sedan was offered in base ES, midrange LS, and sporty O-Z Rally models. Mitsubishi competed against the Ford Focus, Honda Civic, Toyota Corolla, and Volkswagen Jetta/Golf. All Lancers shared a 120-horsepower four-cylinder engine, with manual or automatic transmission. Automatic was standard on the LS, along with remote keyless entry, cruise control, and 15-inch alloy wheels instead of the ES's steel 14-inch wheels. Antilock braking and front side airbags were available only on the LS, where they were grouped into an option package. Inspired by Mitsubishi's Lancer Evolution VII professional competition rally racer, the O-Z came with 15-inch O-Z brand alloy wheels, aero body trim, white-faced gauges, and metal-look interior trim.

Year-to-Year Changes
2003 Mitsubishi Lancer: Lancer started 2003 by gaining a sunroof option, as Mitsubishi prepared to add a hot all-wheel-drive turbo model at midseason. Mainstream ES, uplevel LS, and sporty O-Z Rally models had front-wheel drive. An automatic transmission was standard on the LS and optional for ES and O-Z models, in place of the manual gearbox. The new sunroof was available for LS and O-Z models. Equipped with all-wheel drive, the new Evolution VIII packed a turbocharged four-cylinder that cranked out 271 horsepower. It also sported uprated brakes, with standard ABS, unique trim, a functional hood scoop, and special bulged-fender styling. A manual transmission was mandatory on the Evolution.

2004 Mitsubishi Lancer: Fresh styling marked the 2004 Lancers, and a Sportback wagon body style became available for the first time. The Lancer's new front end was borrowed from the recently-introduced Evolution, and all sedans got revised rear styling. A new 162-horsepower, 2.4-liter engine was introduced in a sporty new Ralliart sedan, as well as LS and Ralliart Sportback wagons. Antilock braking was optional for the LS sedan and standard on the Evolution, wagons, and Ralliart sedan. Front side airbags were standard in the Ralliart wagon, optional for LS models and the Ralliart sedan. Ralliart models had 16-inch alloy wheels, a sport-tuned suspension, Evo-style front seats, and unique exterior/interior trim.

2005 Mitsubishi Lancer: A smaller lineup and an additional high-performance model top the 2005 updates to Mitsubishi's Lancer. Wagon versions have been dropped for '05. Last year's LS versions have been dropped. The high-performance Evolution models--RS, VIII, and new-for-'05 MR--have all-wheel drive and a turbocharged 2.0-liter. For '05, all Evos have 276 hp, up 5. For 2005, the original Evo is redubbed Evolution VIII. The MR adds xenon headlights and pares pounds with an aluminum roof panel and lightweight BBS-brand forged-alloy wheels. The RS has less equipment and a lower price vs. the Evo VIII, and saves weight with thinner body sheetmetal and rear glass.

Mitsubishi Zinger

Announced in January, 2006, the Mitsubishi Zinger is a crossover SUV designed by Mitsubishi Motors. It is being developed and marketed in conjunction with the China Motor Corporation to be sold in Taiwan, and eventually expand into mainland China.


Manufacturer: Mitsubishi Motors
China Motor Corporation

Production: 2006–present

Class: Crossover SUV

Engine: 2.4 L I4 MIVEC

Transmission: 4WD

Wheelbase: 2720 mm

Length: 4585 mm

Width: 1775 mm

Height: 1790 mm

Related: Mitsubishi Challenger
Mitsubishi Triton

Mitsubishi Engines

Mitsubishi is another key Japanese car manufacturer that's had a history of building some of the most potent small-to-medium capacity engines in the world. Take the Mitsubishi turbo fours of the '80s, which formed the platform for today's World Rally Championship winning Evolution Lancer/Carisma engines. Of, course there is also the latest MIVEC engine, which thanks to clever valve control, spins out extra-high power from only a modest swept capacity. The gruntiest Mitsu-made hi-po engine is the 209kW 3 litre twin turbo V6 as fitted to the 3000GT/GTO.

The number and lettering system of Mitsubishi engines can be a little confusing, so here is how to decipher them:

Numerical Prefix -

4 = four cylinder

6 = six cylinder

Numerical Suffix -

12 = 2.0 litre

13 = 2.5 litre

36 = 2.0 litre

54 = 2.6 litre

61 = 1.6 litre

62 = 1.85 litre

63 = 2.0 litre

64 = 2.4 litre

72 = 3.0 litre

73 = 2.5 litre

74 = 3.5 litre

91 = 1.5 litre

92 = 1.6 litre

93 = 1.8 litre

Sixes

The entire range of high performance Mitsubishi sixes is set in a V configuration. Starting off with the most powerful, the 6G72 twin turbo engine is responsible for pushing the heavy 3000GT/GTO to 100 km/h in around five seconds. Its attributes are a displacement of 3.0 litres, 8.0:1 compression, quad cams, 24 valves, twin (simultaneous) turbos, dual air-to-air intercoolers and a sophisticated EFI system - all giving a total output of 209kW at 6000 rpm, with a bag of 427Nm at only 2500 rpm! Now that would make one awesomely flexible road-car engine! In Japan, development of this engine has been quite minor in comparison to the Nissan RB26DETT, but we'd expect that you could attain around 300kW with simple exhaust, intake, intercooler and boost modifications.

A high performance naturally aspirated version of this engine (also called the 6G72), is available minus all the turbo intake trickery, but with a higher static compression ratio of 11.0 to help compensate. It makes 179kW at 5750 and 304Nm at 3500. A lower spec trim again can be found, which is good for 168kW and 275Nm, and yet another (as in the Japanese Diamante/Magna) is capable of 127kW and 248Nm.

About 17% larger at 3.5 litres, the DOHC 6G74 turbo comes suitable for front and all-wheel-drive and produces 194 kW at 6000 rpm.

The Japanese market Diamante is also powered by a 10.0:1 compression ratio atmospherically inducted 6G74 3.5 litre, that produces 194kW at 6000 and 324Nm at 4500 rpm. In between the 3.0 and 2.0 V6s is the 6G73 2.5 litre motor. Available in FWD atmo form only, this DOHC powerplant shares its basic design with the other engines in the 6G range, and is good for 131kW at 6000 revs.

A way - other than by turbocharging - that Mitsubishi has been able to develop big power from their engines has been through the use of the latest MIVEC (Mitsubishi Innovative Valve and Lift Electronic Control System) technology. This system employs a multi-mode variable valve timing mechanism set in three modes - low speed, high speed and MD (modulated displacement). The resulting optimised flow of gas through the heads enables these engines to deliver a substantial increase in torque across the entire rev range - but especially in the higher revs, where conventional engines are usually set with conservative valve lift and duration.

Displacing only 2 litres, the atmo MIVEC version of the 6A12 DOHC V6 with its 10.0:1 compression ratio is listed at an impressive 149kW at 7500 rpm and 200Nm at 6000. This engine is most widely-noted for its fitment to the sexy looking Mitsubishi FTO, which it powers from 0-100 km/h in under 8 seconds. There's also another atmo 6A12 engine (in either FWD or AWD configuration) that is the same as above but minus the MIVEC system and some compression points. It is capable of delivering a total of 127kW at lower revs.

A turbo version of the non-MIVEC 6A12 engine was released too, which could pull 149kW - the same peak power as the wonderful atmo inducted MIVEC!

Fours

Mitsubishi's selection of four cylinders is where the company has earned the majority of its performance reputation.

One of the old-school engines Mitsubishi produced in the 80s is the SOHC injected G63B turbo. This engine came available in a number of different specs, but the most desirable is the 3 valves per cylinder 2 litre DASH engine which came in either FWD and RWD guise. This non-intercooled engine was able to stomp out a creditable 149kW at 6000 rpm and 280Nm of torque.

However, the more common version of this engine (also called the G63B) is the 2 valves per cylinder SOHC as found in the Starion/Conquest. This is still capable of a reasonable 131kW at 5500 rpm and 216Nm at 3500 rpm.

At about the same time (the early 80s) the Mitsubishi Cordia GSR hit the streets with very similar technology to the G63B - albeit in a smaller overall package, called the G62B. This 1.85 litre SOHC four was also non-intercooled (like most turbos of the time), and in the ultimate versions used a large capacity turbocharger to help it on the way to a maximum of 119kW at 5800 rpm and 216Nm at 3500.

The next generation of Mitsu fours was all based on the same blocks as those mentioned above, but sported DOHC heads to aid breathing. Amongst this late-80s group of engines is the front wheel drive 4G36 that came in some of the mid/compact size vehicles, sweeping a volume of 2.0 litres and producing 104kW at 6000 rpm.

One of the engines most widely used in competition (especially rally) is the DOHC 4G63 turbo engine. Available in a variety of specs, this engine comes in 2.0 litre capacity and is good for up to 209kW at 6500rpm, and 373Nm at 3000 in the Evolution 6.

Released in both FWD and 4WD configurations, the double over head cam 4G93 atmo and turbo moves 1.8 litres, and generates 112kW at 6500 and 145kW at 6000 rpm respectively. One power-pack for the compact Japanese-spec Lancer GSR hatches was the 4G61 engine that pushed around 1.6 litres, used DOHCs and a single intercooled turbo to create a maximum of 108kW at 6000 revolutions. A smaller engine, the 1.5 litre DOHC 4G91, was a front-wheel-drive-only engine that was designed for use in hatchbacks, mustering up 86kW at 6000 revs with a peak of 137Nm of torque.

The latest MIVEC four cylinder is becoming quite popular in Japan (the only country where it is commercially available), and is an optional fitment to the Mirage, FTO and Lancer. The engine we're interested in here is the 1.6 litre 4G92 front wheel drive, that's good for an astounding 131 kW at a substantial 7500 revs per minute, plus 167Nm of torque at a sky-high 7000. This awesome little engine therefore has a specific power output of 81.8kW per litre - enough to rival even some of the best of the current turbo engines!

Mitsubishi performance motors at a glance...

Sixes
6G74 3.5 DOHC turbo	194kW
6G74 3.5 DOHC	194kW
6G72 3.0 DOHC twin turbo	209kW
6G72 3.0 DOHC	179kW/127kW
6G73 2.5 DOHC	131kW
6A12 2.0 DOHC MIVEC	149kW
6A12 2.0 DOHC turbo	149kW
6A12 2.0 DOHC	127kW

Fours
4G63 2.0 DOHC turbo	164kW
G63B DASH 2.0 SOHC 12 valve turbo	149kW
G63B 2.0 SOHC turbo	131kW
G62B 1.85 litre SOHC turbo	119kW
4G64 2.4 SOHC	108kW
G54B 2.6 SOHC turbo	131kW
4G91 1.5 DOHC	86kW
4G92 1.6 DOHC MIVEC	131kW
4G93 1.8 DOHC	112kW
4G93 1.8 DOHC turbo	145kW
4G36 2.0 DOHC	104kW
4G61 1.6 DOHC turbo	108kW

Active Yaw Control

Active Yaw Control, first incorporated into the Evo IV, was developed by Mitsubishi to improve a vehicle's cornering and acceleration performance, and consequently its safety, under a wide range of operating conditions.

This is achieved by utilising a torque transfer differential which is controlled by various sensors and an electronic control unit (ECU) to enable a difference in torque to go to each of the rear wheels.

As shown in diagram 1 (right hand bend), by increasing the level of torque to the left rear wheel and reducing the torque level to the right wheel, it is possible to change the yaw movement of the vehicle. This in turn will cause the vehicle to steer inwards and reduce the amount of slip on the front tyres, thus resulting in reduced under-steer. It also works if over-steer occurs, as shown in diagram 2, by reducing the torque level to the left hand rear wheel and increasing the torque level to the right hand wheel, again changing the yaw movement to reduce over-steer.

By controlling the amount of torque transmitted to the rear wheels when there is less traction, or a difference in grip on the road surface, AYC also works to improve acceleration and stability on slippery roads (as shown in diagram 3).

Active Centre Differential

The Active Centre Differential, first introduced in the Evo VII, is an electronically controlled hydraulic multi-plate clutch which distributes torque between the front and rear to improve traction under acceleration out of a corner. It works in conjunction with Active Yaw Control which enhances grip and steering response whilst driving through the bend itself. Using sensors, ACD regulates slippage in the 50:50 torque-split diff from free to lock-up according to speed and load. So under hard acceleration the ACD moves towards lock-up to put more torque down on the road for stronger traction, but with rapid steering inputs it operates virtually like an open differential to improve steering feel and response.

A choice of three setting - tarmac, gravel and snow - operated manually, gradually lock up the Active Centre Differential depending on road conditions.

INVECS II

Mitsubishi's clever INVECS transmission (it stands for Intelligent & Innovative Vehicle Electronic Control System) was first made available in the Galant over a decade ago. It has now been developed into INVECS II, and is seen in the current Shogun Sport, the Shogun, the Grandis, the Lancer and the Outlander.

In simple terms INVECS II is a computer-controlled automatic transmission which has the ability to "learn" your driving style, using its Adaptive Shift Control software. As soon as you start driving the computer begins to monitor your driving style, and after a short while sets the up and down-change points to suit, thus smoothing out progress on the road. It's almost like having a person sitting next to you who, having seen how you drive, adjusts the automatic gearbox accordingly.

For the fully automatic mode to be in operation, the gear selector is simply left in 'D'. But on the Shogun, Grandis, Outlander and Lancer models, if you want to use the manual mode - which gives the driver more control over the transmission, and allows higher engine revs in each gear - then the lever is slid over to the left into another gate, which is Sports Mode.

Now, tapping the lever forward prompts an electronic up-change, while moving it back downshifts. Effectively you have a clutchless gearshift, but you don't need to worry about suddenly being caught out at low speed in a high gear, because when stationary the transmission automatically reverts to first.

DI-D

When designing the latest turbo-diesel engine, Mitsubishi decided on a four-cylinder engine, as the high torque characteristics of this configuration tend to be what owners look for in diesel engines.

However the 3.2-litre Shogun unit incorporates engineering features that you might have more readily associated with sporty petrol engines - it has four valves per cylinder and double overhead camshafts.

The DI-D fuel-injection, standing for 'Direct Injection Diesel', is more efficient than traditional indirect-injection set-ups, because fuel does not first have to pass through a primary mixing chamber before entering the cylinder to be burned.

It all adds up to an engine that is very powerful by diesel standards. It produces 158bhp, a 28 per cent increase over Mitsubishi's previous 2.8-litre turbo-diesel engine, while torque is 275lb ft occurring at 2000rpm, also a 28 percent increase.

At the same time, the efficiency of the engine results in significantly better fuel consumption - it uses up to 30 percent less fuel than the old 2.8 turbo-diesel.

There's something else the new 3.2-litre DI-D engine has less of - exhaust emissions. In the Shogun DI-Ds with manual transmission, the CO2 output (the so-called 'greenhouse' gas, said to cause global warming) is 251g/km, compared to 300g/km for the old 2.8-litre engine. In automatic form, the DI-D unit is 278g/km against the previous engine's 342g/km.

That's not just good for the environment, but for company car drivers' wallets. As of April 2002, the tax owed by employees with company cars is affected by the CO2 output - the lower it is, the less the tax that will be paid.

This new turbo-diesel technology also sits at the heart of the new L200 in the form of a 2.5-litre DI-D engine, in the 7-seater Grandis in a 2.0-litre DI-D form and in the 3 and 5 door Colt with a 3-cylinder 1.5-litre DI-D version.

GDI

There are currently two GDI engines in the Mitsubishi 4x4 range, the 2.0-litre engine in the Shogun Pinin and the 3.5-litre V6 in the Shogun. These were the world's first production direct-injection petrol engines, the term direct-injection meaning that the mixing of fuel and air takes place inside the cylinder rather than in a chamber before entering the cylinder.

Aside from the Pinin and Shogun installation, the GDI engine is used as a 2.4-litre unit in the Space Wagon.

A key aspect of the high efficiency is the fuel-injection system which operates in two different combustion modes according to the demands the driver puts on the engine.

In conditions when there is only a low load on the engine, such as idling or driving at modest speeds where the accelerator is being pressed lightly, the GDI engine runs in 'Ultra-Lean Combustion Mode'. This means there is a higher proportion of air in the air/fuel mixture fed into the cylinders.

The driver knows when the engine is running in this mode thanks to a 'GDI-ECO' light that comes on in the instrument panel.

When a greater load is placed on the engine, in other words when increased power is sought by the driver, the GDI system goes into 'Superior Output Mode', during which a more conventional air/fuel mixture is employed. To provide greater torque for accelerating from low speed or a standing start, the fuel-injection switches to 'Two-Stage Mixing', whereby a second spray of fuel is fed into the chamber during the combustion cycle.

The precision of the fuel-air mixture is enhanced by the 'drive-by-wire' throttle, whereby the driver's 'instructions' to the engine are delivered electronically rather than by a traditional cable.

A telling indicator of the efficiency is that the Shogun's 3.5 V6 GDI engine delivers nearly 80 percent of its torque at an amazingly low 1500rpm - a characteristic that gives it supreme low-down pulling power. This is not only very useful on-road, but invaluable when tackling the toughest off-road terrain.

LANCER EVOLUTION VIII

MODEL		LANCER EVOLUTION VIII
Trim		260
Engine/Electric		4 cylinders 1997cc 16 valve DOHC ECI-MULTI with turbocharger and intercooler
Max. Output	Kw (bhp) at rpm	195(261)/6550
Max. Torque	Nm (ib.ft) at rpm	355(262)/3500
Performance data/Feul consumption
Max. speed	mph	152
Acceleration	0-62 mph secs	6.1
Fuel consumption lts/10km (mpg)	Urban	15.4(18.3)
	Extra urban	8.3(34.0)
	Combined	10.9(25.9)
CO2 emissions	g/km	258
Transmission
Manual		5-speed
Cluth		Hydraulic type, single, dry plate with diaphragm spring
Braking System
Front		320mm (12.6") ventilated-disc brake, 4-pot brake calipers (Brembo)
Rear		300mm (11.8") drum-in ventilated disc brake, 2-pot calipers (Brembo)
Systems		Sports Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) with Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD)
Suspension
Front		McPherson strut, coil springs with stabiliser bar
Rear		Multi-link with stabiliser bar
Tyres and Wheels
Tyres		Bridgestone Potenza RE050A 235/45R17 93W
Wheels		17" x 8.0JJ light alloy 6-spoke